Coal’s place in the global hydrogen economy

A cornerstone of global energy systems for decades, coal now finds itself at a crossroads as the world pivots toward cleaner energy solutions. However, it still has a potential role in the emerging hydrogen economy, particularly through coal gasification coupled with CCS.

For coal industry professionals, this represents both a challenge and an opportunity to redefine coal’s contribution to a low-carbon future.

Coal gasification and hydrogen production

Coal gasification is a mature technology that produces hydrogen. Coal reacts with oxygen and steam under high pressure to form synthesis gas (syngas), primarily composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

This syngas is then processed to separate hydrogen. While traditionally used in industrial applications, its potential in the hydrogen economy hinges on mitigating its carbon emissions through CCS. Recent advancements in CCS technologies have significantly improved the capture rates, reducing emissions from coal-based hydrogen production.

Addressing carbon intensity and clean hydrogen standards

Coal-based hydrogen must align with emerging global clean hydrogen standards focusing on life cycle carbon emissions. Clean hydrogen must not exceed 4 kg of CO₂ equivalent per kilogramme of hydrogen produced. Achieving this threshold requires effective CCS, optimising gasification processes and integrating renewable energy for ancillary power needs.

Electricity generation accounts for approximately 25% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in the US, emphasising the critical role of decarbonising this sector. Given coal’s significant contribution to electricity production, transitioning to cleaner practices like coal gasification with CCS is crucial.

Addressing emissions from coal-derived hydrogen can help the industry mitigate the broader environmental impact of electricity generation while securing its role in a sustainable energy future.

Opportunities for coal in hydrogen infrastructure

Coal-rich regions with established mining and industrial infrastructures can leverage these assets for hydrogen production and distribution. Repurposing coal plants for hydrogen generation and retrofitting facilities for energy storage can provide a transitional pathway while supporting local economies.

Additionally, coal’s role in hydrogen storage – through solid-state hydrogen carriers – is an emerging area of interest that could complement broader hydrogen strategies.

Regional workforce transition and upskilling

As coal transitions to play a cleaner role in the hydrogen economy, workforce considerations become paramount. Many coal-dependent regions face challenges in adapting their labour forces to new technologies like coal gasification and CCS. Upskilling programmes targeted at existing workers can ensure these communities remain integral to the energy transition.

For instance, training programmes focused on advanced gasification technologies, carbon capture operations and hydrogen logistics could bridge the skill gap while preserving local employment. Industry collaboration with governments and educational institutions can accelerate this process, fostering a just and inclusive transition.

A constructive path forward

The key for the coal industry lies in embracing innovation and partnerships to align with global decarbonisation goals.

Investments in research and development for cleaner gasification technologies, collaboration with policymakers to incentivise CCS deployment, and adoption of stringent emissions monitoring will be critical. This proactive approach positions coal as a viable player in the hydrogen economy and ensures its relevance in a rapidly evolving energy landscape.

Author bio

Jane Marsh is a seasoned environmental journalist and the Editor-in-Chief of Environment.co, specialising in in-depth coverage of environmental trends, sustainability, and the evolving energy landscape. With her work featured on leading platforms like Renewable Energy Magazine, Manufacturing.net, and Nation of Change, Jane brings a keen perspective on the intersection of energy innovation and industry practices.

Read the article online at: https://www.worldcoal.com/power/30122024/coals-place-in-the-global-hydrogen-economy/